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In computing, C (/ˈsiː/, like the letter C) is a general-purpose programming language initially developed by Dennis Ritchiebetween 1969 and 1973 at Bell Labs. Its design provides constructs that map efficiently to typical machine instructions, and therefore it found lasting use in applications that had formerly been coded in assembly language, most notably system software like the Unix computer operating system. C is one of the most widely used programming languages of all time and there are very few computer architectures for which a C compiler does not exist.
Many later languages have borrowed directly or indirectly from C, including: C#, D, Go, Java, JavaScript, Limbo, LPC, Perl, PHP, Python, and Unix's C Shell. The most pervasive influence on these languages has been syntactical, and they tend to combine the recognizable expression and statement syntax of C with underlying type systems and data models that can be radically different. C++ started as a preprocessor for C and is currently nearly a superset of C.
Before there was an official standard for C, many users and implementors relied on an informal specification contained in text files and later published in a book by Ritchie and Brian Kernighan;
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